In 1894, French Army Captain Alfred Dreyfus was accused of spying for Germany and sentenced to life in prison on Devil's Island, located off French Guiana. There he lived the sentence of him locked up in a small stone house and shackled every night. He was publicly and dishonorably demoted. In 1899, a new court martial was ordered. Dreyfus was again found guilty, but under extenuating circumstances, by a vote of five to two. The sentence was reduced to ten years. In 1906 a third trial was held. A few years earlier he had obtained a pardon. In this last trial he was declared innocent. More than ten years had passed since his conviction.
Carmona Santander, C. (2016). The responsibility of the State-Judge: review and projections. Revista De Derecho Público, (66), Págs. 307–356. https://doi.org/10.5354/rdpu.v0i66.41680
