Rendición de cuentas electoral por la economía en América Latina

Autores/as

  • Matthew Singer University of Connecticut

Resumen

Este artículo revisa el papel que tiene el desempeño económico sobre el apoyo político de los presidentes en América Latina. Con datos de una encuesta de 18 países de América Latina en 2014, muestro que las percepciones de los latinoamericanos de desempeño económico reflejan los resultados macroeconómicos, las situaciones personales propias de los encuestados, y consideraciones políticas. Los encuestados hacen responsable a los políticos por los resultados sociotrópicos percibidos, y aquellos que perciben que las cosas consideran alternativas electorales al presidente y su partido más que la abstención o anular su voto. Por último, el efecto electoral del desempeño económico varía sistemáticamente entre los países, con la volatilidad económica incrementando su relevancia mientras que los factores políticos y económicos que concentran el control de la economía en los actores nacionales y la política económica en el partido del presidente facilitan la atribución de responsabilidad al gobierno. Si bien las percepciones de la economía tienen sus raíces en una variedad de factores tanto de nivel nacional como de nivel personal, los votantes en general se acercan a la rendición de cuentas para la economía de una manera sofisticada.

Palabras clave:

Rendición de cuentas electoral, América latina, aprobación presidencial, percepciones económicas.

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